{"id":6507,"date":"2025-11-04T11:39:23","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T10:39:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parcoarcheologico.cortonamaec.org\/senza-categoria\/the-altar-of-funerary-rites-tumulus-ii-of-the-sodo\/"},"modified":"2026-03-03T11:01:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T10:01:13","slug":"the-altar-of-funerary-rites-tumulus-ii-of-the-sodo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/maec-archaeological-area-of-sodo\/the-altar-of-funerary-rites-tumulus-ii-of-the-sodo\/","title":{"rendered":"The Altar of Funerary Rites \u2013 Tumulus II of the Sodo"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.56%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.56%;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.56%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.56%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-font-size:20px;--awb-line-height:1.4;--awb-letter-spacing:var(--awb-typography3-letter-spacing);--awb-text-transform:var(--awb-typography3-text-transform);--awb-text-font-family:var(--awb-typography3-font-family);--awb-text-font-weight:var(--awb-typography3-font-weight);--awb-text-font-style:var(--awb-typography3-font-style);\"><p>Tumulus II of the Sodo is unique in ancient Etruria: it is the only Etruscan tomb that still preserves in situ a monumental altar decorated with sculptures and ornamental motifs dating to the early 6th century BC.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The imposing structure takes the form of a staircase of ten steps with a carved balustrade and an upper platform, where a wooden altar for ritual ceremonies probably once stood. The side walls culminate in two spectacular sculptural groups depicting a struggle between a lioness and a warrior, symbolising the tension between life and death, between the earthly world and the afterlife. The altar was the heart of funerary ceremonies: here the body was laid out and offerings were made to the gods and to the ancestors. The entire complex bears witness to the profound spiritual and social significance of Etruscan cults dedicated to the dead.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The balustrade features a rich and refined decoration of monumental palmettes, while the side panels of the staircase culminate in two imposing sculptural groups depicting a struggle between a lioness and a warrior\u2014perhaps symbolising the conflict and opposition between life and death.<br \/>The entire structure, designed for religious ceremonies and ritual practices, was likely used especially during funerary rites, for the laying out of the body and for all the rituals associated with the funeral. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The altar was accessed via a staircase, six of whose nine steps are original. The side panels are composed of carved blocks depicting a struggle between two warriors armed with daggers, attempting to strike the wild beasts that are crushing them. These sculptures most likely symbolise the struggle between life and death.<br \/>The lateral facings consist of a first projecting low step, three complete courses of masonry\u2014the third ending in an owl-beak moulding\u2014surmounted by a torus and a further course featuring an inverted owl-beak cornice.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The structure is crowned by three monumental palmettes, one of them set diagonally to connect the parapet with the sculptural group, all linked by moulded elements.<br \/>This is the altar with the original sculptural groups, which are now preserved at the <a href=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/discover-the-museum\/\">MAEC<\/a>, together with many other artefacts discovered at the site, and are displayed in Room 4 on level -2. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"awb-gallery-wrapper awb-gallery-wrapper-1 button-span-no\" style=\"--more-btn-alignment:center;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:30px;\"><div style=\"margin:-5px;--awb-aspect-ratio:3 \/ 2;--awb-bordersize:0px;\" class=\"fusion-gallery fusion-gallery-container fusion-grid-3 fusion-columns-total-6 fusion-gallery-layout-grid fusion-gallery-1 has-aspect-ratio\"><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-3 hover-type-none\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/MAEC_area_archeologica_Sodo-e1762251256272.webp\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/MAEC_area_archeologica_Sodo-460x295.webp\" width=\"460\" height=\"295\" alt=\"MAEC Parco Area archeologica del Sodo scavi\" title=\"MAEC_area_archeologica_Sodo\" aria-label=\"MAEC_area_archeologica_Sodo\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1070 fusion-gallery-image-size-fixed\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-3 hover-type-none\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/19_ANF_MAEC_Altare-scaled.webp\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/19_ANF_MAEC_Altare-460x295.webp\" width=\"460\" height=\"295\" alt=\"MAEC Cortona Area archeologica del Sodo la scalinata altare dettaglio del gruppo scultoreo\" title=\"19_ANF_MAEC_Altare\" aria-label=\"19_ANF_MAEC_Altare\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2430 fusion-gallery-image-size-fixed\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-3 hover-type-none\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/altare-sodo.jpg\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/altare-sodo-460x295.jpg\" width=\"460\" height=\"295\" alt=\"MAEC Cortona Area archeologica del Sodo\" title=\"altare sodo\" aria-label=\"altare sodo\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2428 fusion-gallery-image-size-fixed\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-3 hover-type-none\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/melone_II_del_sodo_.jpg\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/melone_II_del_sodo_-460x295.jpg\" width=\"460\" height=\"295\" alt=\"MAEC Cortona Area archeologica del Sodo\" title=\"melone_II_del_sodo_\" aria-label=\"melone_II_del_sodo_\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2426 fusion-gallery-image-size-fixed\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-3 hover-type-none\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Scavi.jpg\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Scavi-460x295.jpg\" width=\"460\" height=\"295\" alt=\"MAEC Cortona Area archeologica del Sodo\" title=\"Scavi\" aria-label=\"Scavi\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2424 fusion-gallery-image-size-fixed\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding:5px;\" class=\"fusion-grid-column fusion-gallery-column fusion-gallery-column-3 hover-type-none\"><div class=\"fusion-gallery-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/tumulo_elaborato_.jpg\" rel=\"noreferrer\" data-rel=\"iLightbox[gallery_image_1]\" class=\"fusion-lightbox\" target=\"_self\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/tumulo_elaborato_-460x295.jpg\" width=\"460\" height=\"295\" alt=\"MAEC Cortona Area archeologica del Sodo disegno del Tumulo II \" title=\"tumulo_elaborato_\" aria-label=\"tumulo_elaborato_\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2433 fusion-gallery-image-size-fixed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/tumulo_elaborato_-200x127.jpg 200w, https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/tumulo_elaborato_-460x295.jpg 460w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:38;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\">Excavations<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The monumental Etruscan altar for funerary celebrations was discovered in 1990 by the Soprintendenza Archeologica della Toscana. It is the only Etruscan tomb that still preserves in situ an altar with decorated sculptural elements dating to the early 6th century BC. <\/span>Although Tumulus (or \u201cMelone\u201d) II and one of its burial chambers (Tomb 1) had been known since 1929, excavations begun in 1990 brought to light the great monumental forepart, interpreted as a stair-altar composed of ten steps, a carved lateral balustrade and a wide upper terrace\u2014likely the location of the wooden altar.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 awb-sticky awb-sticky-medium awb-sticky-large fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:7.68%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:7.68%;--awb-width-medium:25%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:7.68%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:7.68%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:2;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;--awb-sticky-offset:145px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:20;--minFontSize:20;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\"><strong>Cultural Itineraries<\/strong><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p>The Archaeological Area of the Sodo is included in one of the MAEC Cultural Itineraries available on izi.TRAVEL.<\/p>\n<\/div><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-yes \" style=\"--button_accent_color:var(--awb-color8);--button_accent_hover_color:var(--awb-color1);--button_border_hover_color:var(--awb-color1);--button_gradient_top_color:var(--awb-color4);--button_gradient_bottom_color:var(--awb-color4);--button_gradient_top_color_hover:hsla(var(--awb-color4-h),calc(var(--awb-color4-s) - 5%),calc(var(--awb-color4-l) - 10%),var(--awb-color4-a));--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:hsla(var(--awb-color4-h),calc(var(--awb-color4-s) - 5%),calc(var(--awb-color4-l) - 10%),var(--awb-color4-a));--button_text_transform:capitalize;--button_font_size:12px;--button_padding-top:10px;--button_padding-right:20px;--button_padding-bottom:10px;--button_padding-left:20px;--button_margin-bottom:5px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/izi.travel\/it\/browse\/d6b7c832-c61c-4aa4-911d-87e91a3bdec7\/it\"><span class=\"fusion-button-icon-divider button-icon-divider-left\"><i class=\"fa-headphones-alt fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default fusion-button-text-left\">The Sentiero dei Principi Etruschi<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2050,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87,65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-itineraries","category-maec-archaeological-area-of-sodo"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Altar of Funerary Rites \u2013 Tumulus II of the Sodo - MAEC Cortona | Museo dell&#039;Accademia Etrusca e della Citt\u00e0 di Cortona<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/maec-archaeological-area-of-sodo\/the-altar-of-funerary-rites-tumulus-ii-of-the-sodo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Altar of Funerary Rites \u2013 Tumulus II of the Sodo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/maec-archaeological-area-of-sodo\/the-altar-of-funerary-rites-tumulus-ii-of-the-sodo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MAEC Cortona | Museo dell&#039;Accademia Etrusca e della Citt\u00e0 di Cortona\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MAEC.Cortona\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-04T10:39:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-03T10:01:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Area_archeologica_altare.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1667\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Irene Menci\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Irene Menci\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"18 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/maec-archaeological-area-of-sodo\/the-altar-of-funerary-rites-tumulus-ii-of-the-sodo\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/maec-archaeological-area-of-sodo\/the-altar-of-funerary-rites-tumulus-ii-of-the-sodo\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Irene Menci\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/45ddb946d69b87ba1773700f0de1ad6a\"},\"headline\":\"The Altar of Funerary Rites \u2013 Tumulus II of the Sodo\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-04T10:39:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-03T10:01:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/maec-archaeological-area-of-sodo\/the-altar-of-funerary-rites-tumulus-ii-of-the-sodo\/\"},\"wordCount\":3600,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/maec-archaeological-area-of-sodo\/the-altar-of-funerary-rites-tumulus-ii-of-the-sodo\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Area_archeologica_altare.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Itineraries\",\"MAEC Archaeological area of Sodo\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/maec-archaeological-area-of-sodo\/the-altar-of-funerary-rites-tumulus-ii-of-the-sodo\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/maec-archaeological-area-of-sodo\/the-altar-of-funerary-rites-tumulus-ii-of-the-sodo\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cortonamaec.org\/en\/maec-archaeological-area-of-sodo\/the-altar-of-funerary-rites-tumulus-ii-of-the-sodo\/\",\"name\":\"The Altar of Funerary Rites \u2013 Tumulus II of the Sodo - 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